skmultiflow.drift_detection.
DDM
Drift Detection Method.
The minimum required number of analyzed samples so change can be detected. This is used to avoid false detections during the early moments of the detector, when the weight of one sample is important.
Warning Level
Out-control Level
Notes
DDM (Drift Detection Method) [1] is a concept change detection method based on the PAC learning model premise, that the learner’s error rate will decrease as the number of analysed samples increase, as long as the data distribution is stationary.
If the algorithm detects an increase in the error rate, that surpasses a calculated threshold, either change is detected or the algorithm will warn the user that change may occur in the near future, which is called the warning zone.
The detection threshold is calculated in function of two statistics, obtained when (pi + si) is minimum:
\(p_{min}\): The minimum recorded error rate.
s_{min}: The minimum recorded standard deviation.
At instant \(i\), the detection algorithm uses:
\(p_i\): The error rate at instant i.
\(s_i\): The standard deviation at instant i.
The conditions for entering the warning zone and detecting change are as follows:
if \(p_i + s_i \geq p_{min} + 2 * s_{min}\) -> Warning zone
if \(p_i + s_i \geq p_{min} + 3 * s_{min}\) -> Change detected
References
João Gama, Pedro Medas, Gladys Castillo, Pedro Pereira Rodrigues: Learning with Drift Detection. SBIA 2004: 286-295
Examples
>>> # Imports >>> import numpy as np >>> from skmultiflow.drift_detection import DDM >>> ddm = DDM() >>> # Simulating a data stream as a normal distribution of 1's and 0's >>> data_stream = np.random.randint(2, size=2000) >>> # Changing the data concept from index 999 to 1500, simulating an >>> # increase in error rate >>> for i in range(999, 1500): ... data_stream[i] = 0 >>> # Adding stream elements to DDM and verifying if drift occurred >>> for i in range(2000): ... ddm.add_element(data_stream[i]) ... if ddm.detected_warning_zone(): ... print('Warning zone has been detected in data: ' + str(data_stream[i]) + ' - of index: ' + str(i)) ... if ddm.detected_change(): ... print('Change has been detected in data: ' + str(data_stream[i]) + ' - of index: ' + str(i))
Methods
add_element(self, prediction)
add_element
Add a new element to the statistics
detected_change(self)
detected_change
This function returns whether concept drift was detected or not.
detected_warning_zone(self)
detected_warning_zone
If the change detector supports the warning zone, this function will return whether it’s inside the warning zone or not.
get_info(self)
get_info
Collects and returns the information about the configuration of the estimator
get_length_estimation(self)
get_length_estimation
Returns the length estimation.
get_params(self[, deep])
get_params
Get parameters for this estimator.
reset(self)
reset
Resets the change detector parameters.
set_params(self, **params)
set_params
Set the parameters of this estimator.
Attributes
estimator_type
This parameter indicates whether the last sample analyzed was correctly classified or not. 1 indicates an error (miss-classification).
After calling this method, to verify if change was detected or if the learner is in the warning zone, one should call the super method detected_change, which returns True if concept drift was detected and False otherwise.
Whether concept drift was detected or not.
Whether the change detector is in the warning zone or not.
Configuration of the estimator.
The length estimation
If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.
Parameter names mapped to their values.
The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as pipelines). The latter have parameters of the form <component>__<parameter> so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.
<component>__<parameter>